标签: code

  • 【Python】使用cwebp、gif2webp、exiftool实现保留exif信息的WebP转换

    此前写了个使用cwebp、gif2webp的脚本,但是由于cwebp目前在win的元数据提取存在问题,因此我们可以使用已经支持exif提取和写入的exiftool进行最后一步的转换,这样我们的图片压缩、转码都在官方库得以实现。

    前置条件:

    cwebp、gif2webp、exiftool三个组件都注册到系统环境变量。python则使用pil库用于分辨率获取。

    实现效果:

    使用pil库对分辨率进行获取,但是不介入压缩过程,因为cwebp目前没法获取图片分辨率,使用pil库进行是否执行resize的判断。

    使用cwebp处理静态png、jpg,使用gif2webp处理gif图,启用mt多线程,压缩质量85,resize到2560最长、宽边,exiftool采用”-overwrite_original”来避免生成两个图片。

    测试效果:

    该图片原图7M多,压缩质量选择85,可能由于细节较为丰富,压缩到WebP大小仍为1M左右,还是比较大,不过细节保留充分,同时保留了EXIF信息。

    import tkinter as tk
    from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox
    import os
    import subprocess
    from PIL import Image
    
    def validate_file(input_path):
        input_path = os.path.abspath(input_path)
        if not os.path.exists(input_path):
            raise FileNotFoundError(f"文件 {input_path} 不存在,请检查路径。")
        return input_path
    
    def get_resized_dimensions(width, height, max_size):
        if width > height:
            new_width = max_size
            new_height = int((new_width / width) * height)
        else:
            new_height = max_size
            new_width = int((new_height / height) * width)
        return new_width, new_height
    
    def convert_image(input_path, output_path, new_width=None, new_height=None):
        try:
            file_extension = os.path.splitext(input_path)[1].lower()
            if file_extension == ".gif":
                command = ["gif2webp","mt", input_path, "-o", output_path]
            else:
                if new_width and new_height:
                    command = ["cwebp","mt", "-q", "85", "-resize", str(new_width), str(new_height), input_path, "-o", output_path]
                else:
                    command = ["cwebp","mt", "-q", "85", input_path, "-o", output_path]
            subprocess.run(command, check=True)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            raise RuntimeError(f"转换工具运行出错: {e}")
    
    def embed_exif(input_path, output_path):
        try:
            command = ["exiftool", "-overwrite_original", "-tagsfromfile", input_path, "-all:all", output_path]
            subprocess.run(command, check=True)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            raise RuntimeError(f"EXIF 数据嵌入失败: {e}")
    
    def convert_to_webp(input_path, max_size=2560):
        try:
            # 验证文件路径
            input_path = validate_file(input_path)
            output_path = os.path.splitext(input_path)[0] + ".webp"
    
            # 使用 PIL 获取图像分辨率
            with Image.open(input_path) as img:
                width, height = img.size
                if width <= max_size and height <= max_size:
                    convert_image(input_path, output_path)
                else:
                    new_width, new_height = get_resized_dimensions(width, height, max_size)
                    convert_image(input_path, output_path, new_width, new_height)
    
            # 嵌入 EXIF 数据
            embed_exif(input_path, output_path)
    
            return f"图片已转换并保存为 {output_path}"
    
        except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError) as e:
            return str(e)
        except Exception as e:
            return f"处理文件时发生错误: {e}"
    
    def select_files():
        file_paths = filedialog.askopenfilenames(
            title="选择图片文件",
            filetypes=[("*所有图片格式", "*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.png;*.gif"),
                       ("JPEG 图片", "*.jpg;*.jpeg"),
                       ("PNG 图片", "*.png"),
                       ("GIF 图片", "*.gif")]
        )
        if file_paths:
            for path in file_paths:
                file_listbox.insert(tk.END, path)
    
    def convert_and_save_batch():
        files = file_listbox.get(0, tk.END)
        if not files:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "请选择至少一个图片文件!")
            return
    
        results = [convert_to_webp(file_path) for file_path in files]
        messagebox.showinfo("完成", "\n".join(results))
    
    def clear_list():
        file_listbox.delete(0, tk.END)
    
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title("批量图片转换为 WebP 工具")
    root.geometry("600x400")
    
    frame = tk.Frame(root)
    frame.pack(pady=10, padx=10, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
    
    scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(frame, orient=tk.VERTICAL)
    file_listbox = tk.Listbox(frame, selectmode=tk.EXTENDED, yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
    scrollbar.config(command=file_listbox.yview)
    scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
    file_listbox.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
    
    button_frame = tk.Frame(root)
    button_frame.pack(pady=10)
    
    select_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="选择文件", command=select_files, width=15)
    select_button.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5)
    
    clear_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="清空列表", command=clear_list, width=15)
    clear_button.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5)
    
    convert_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="批量转换", command=convert_and_save_batch, width=15)
    convert_button.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5)
    
    root.mainloop()
    
  • 【Python】使用WebP官方库进行WebP转换

    此前的代码使用了Pillow库集成的库,这次使用WebP官方库,对GIF、PNG的处理也比较友好。需要添加WebP的库到系统环境变量后使用。

    功能实现:

    代码使用cwebp、gif2webp两种方式转换不同的格式图片,使用库本身的压缩分辨率方法,压缩图片到2560最长、宽。

    对于gif,该代码可以实现对原图动态的保持,此前使用pillow库则可以设定gif的持续或者最后一帧静帧。

    遗憾:

    没有能够传递exif,win平台中cwebp压根没法有效传递exif信息,显示——Warning: only ICC profile extraction is currently supported on this platform!元数据只有ICC才能支持传递,所以只依靠cwebp是没法很好在win中进行转换的。

    这个问题采用exiftool进行了解决,下篇文章可以看到。

    import tkinter as tk
    from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox
    import os
    import subprocess
    from PIL import Image
    
    def validate_file(input_path):
        input_path = os.path.abspath(input_path)
        if not os.path.exists(input_path):
            raise FileNotFoundError(f"文件 {input_path} 不存在,请检查路径。")
        return input_path
    
    def get_resized_dimensions(width, height, max_size):
        if width > height:
            new_width = max_size
            new_height = int((new_width / width) * height)
        else:
            new_height = max_size
            new_width = int((new_height / height) * width)
        return new_width, new_height
    
    # 使用 cwebp 或 gif2webp 进行转换
    def convert_image(input_path, output_path, new_width=None, new_height=None, cwebp_metadata="none", gif2webp_metadata="none"):
        try:
            file_extension = os.path.splitext(input_path)[1].lower()
            if file_extension == ".gif":
                command = ["gif2webp", "-metadata", gif2webp_metadata, "-mt", input_path, "-o", output_path]
            else:
                if new_width and new_height:
                    command = ["cwebp", "-q", "85", "-resize", str(new_width), str(new_height), "-metadata", cwebp_metadata, "-mt", input_path, "-o", output_path]
                else:
                    command = ["cwebp", "-q", "85", "-metadata", cwebp_metadata, "-mt", input_path, "-o", output_path]
            subprocess.run(command, check=True)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            raise RuntimeError(f"转换工具运行出错: {e}")
    
    def convert_to_webp(input_path, max_size=2560, cwebp_metadata="none", gif2webp_metadata="none"):
        try:
            # 验证文件路径
            input_path = validate_file(input_path)
            output_path = os.path.splitext(input_path)[0] + ".webp"
    
            # 使用 PIL 获取图像分辨率
            with Image.open(input_path) as img:
                width, height = img.size
                if width <= max_size and height <= max_size:
                    convert_image(input_path, output_path, cwebp_metadata=cwebp_metadata, gif2webp_metadata=gif2webp_metadata)
                else:
                    new_width, new_height = get_resized_dimensions(width, height, max_size)
                    convert_image(input_path, output_path, new_width, new_height, cwebp_metadata=cwebp_metadata, gif2webp_metadata=gif2webp_metadata)
    
            return f"图片已转换并保存为 {output_path}"
    
        except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError) as e:
            return str(e)
        except Exception as e:
            return f"处理文件时发生错误: {e}"
    
    def select_files():
        file_paths = filedialog.askopenfilenames(
            title="选择图片文件",
            filetypes=[("*所有图片格式", "*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.png;*.gif"),
                       ("JPEG 图片", "*.jpg;*.jpeg"),
                       ("PNG 图片", "*.png"),
                       ("GIF 图片", "*.gif")]
        )
        if file_paths:
            for path in file_paths:
                file_listbox.insert(tk.END, path)
    
    def convert_and_save_batch():
        files = file_listbox.get(0, tk.END)
        if not files:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "请选择至少一个图片文件!")
            return
    
        cwebp_metadata = "exif"  # 设置cwebp要复制的元数据类型为exif
        gif2webp_metadata = "xmp"  # 设置gif2webp要复制的元数据类型为xmp
        results = [convert_to_webp(file_path, cwebp_metadata=cwebp_metadata, gif2webp_metadata=gif2webp_metadata) for file_path in files]
        messagebox.showinfo("完成", "\n".join(results))
    
    def clear_list():
        file_listbox.delete(0, tk.END)
    
    # 创建主窗口
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title("批量图片转换为 WebP 工具")
    root.geometry("600x400")
    
    frame = tk.Frame(root)
    frame.pack(pady=10, padx=10, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
    
    scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(frame, orient=tk.VERTICAL)
    file_listbox = tk.Listbox(frame, selectmode=tk.EXTENDED, yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
    scrollbar.config(command=file_listbox.yview)
    scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
    file_listbox.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
    
    button_frame = tk.Frame(root)
    button_frame.pack(pady=10)
    
    select_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="选择文件", command=select_files, width=15)
    select_button.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5)
    
    clear_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="清空列表", command=clear_list, width=15)
    clear_button.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5)
    
    convert_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="批量转换", command=convert_and_save_batch, width=15)
    convert_button.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5)
    
    root.mainloop()
    
  • 【Python】使用PIL库进行多格式批量转换WebP并压缩分辨率

    网站将逐步切换到WebP格式图片,今天捣鼓了插件在服务器端替换图片,但WP的媒体库却怎么都搞不定了,媒体库会自动生成很多缩略图用于不同的场景,我不想碰它的缩略图生成效果,因此只写单一的转换代码是没法做出完整的效果的。

    退而求其次使用本地对图片进行处理,该脚本使用PIL库,图片分辨率限制为2560最长/宽,可以处理带透明通道的图片,也可以处理GIF,用下来效果还不错。

    1月8日更新:

    【Python】使用WebP官方库进行WebP转换
    【Python】使用cwebp、gif2webp、exiftool实现保留exif信息的WebP转换

    import tkinter as tk
    from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox
    from PIL import Image, ImageSequence
    import os
    
    def resize_image(img):
        max_size = 2560
        width, height = img.size
    
        if width > max_size or height > max_size:
            if width > height:
                new_width = max_size
                new_height = int((new_width / width) * height)
            else:
                new_height = max_size
                new_width = int((new_height / height) * width)
            
            img = img.resize((new_width, new_height), Image.LANCZOS)
        
        return img
    
    def convert_to_webp(input_path):
        try:
            file_extension = os.path.splitext(input_path)[1].lower()
            output_path = os.path.splitext(input_path)[0] + ".webp"
    
            if not os.path.exists(input_path):
                raise FileNotFoundError(f"文件 {input_path} 不存在,请检查路径。")
    
            if file_extension == '.webp':
                return f"文件 {input_path} 已是 WebP 格式,无需转换。"
    
            with Image.open(input_path) as img:
                if file_extension in ['.gif'] and getattr(img, "is_animated", False):
                    frames = []
                    durations = []
                    for frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(img):
                        # 处理透明度
                        if frame.mode == "P":
                            frame = frame.convert("RGBA")
                        
                        # 转换帧为 RGBA 并存储
                        new_frame = frame.copy()
                        frames.append(new_frame)
                        durations.append(frame.info.get('duration', 100))
    
                    # 重复最后一帧
                    if len(frames) > 1:
                        durations[-1] = max(durations[-1], 100) 
    
                    # 保存为动态 WebP
                    frames[0].save(
                        output_path,
                        format="WEBP",
                        save_all=True,
                        append_images=frames[1:],
                        duration=durations,
                        loop=img.info.get('loop', 0),  # 循环次数
                        transparency=0,  # 确保透明度保留
                        quality=85
                    )
                else:
                    # 静态图片处理
                    if img.mode == "P":
                        if "transparency" in img.info:
                            img = img.convert("RGBA")
                        else:
                            img = img.convert("RGB")
    
                    img = resize_image(img)
    
                    if img.mode != "RGBA":
                        img = img.convert("RGBA")
    
                    img.save(output_path, format="WEBP", quality=85)
    
            return f"图片已转换并保存为 {output_path}"
        except Exception as e:
            return f"处理文件时发生错误: {e}"
    
    
    def select_files():
        file_paths = filedialog.askopenfilenames(
            title="选择图片文件",
            filetypes=[("所有图片格式", "*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.png;*.gif;*.webp;*.bmp;*.tiff"), 
                       ("JPEG 图片", "*.jpg;*.jpeg"),
                       ("PNG 图片", "*.png"),
                       ("GIF 图片", "*.gif"),
                       ("WebP 图片", "*.webp"),
                       ("BMP 图片", "*.bmp"),
                       ("TIFF 图片", "*.tiff")]
        )
        if file_paths:
            for path in file_paths:
                file_listbox.insert(tk.END, path)
    
    def convert_and_save_batch():
        files = file_listbox.get(0, tk.END)
        if not files:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "请选择至少一个图片文件!")
            return
    
        results = []
        for file_path in files:
            result = convert_to_webp(file_path)
            results.append(result)
    
        messagebox.showinfo("完成", "\n".join(results))
    
    def clear_list():
        file_listbox.delete(0, tk.END)
    
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title("批量图片转换为 WebP 工具")
    root.geometry("600x400")
    
    frame = tk.Frame(root)
    frame.pack(pady=10, padx=10, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
    
    scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(frame, orient=tk.VERTICAL)
    file_listbox = tk.Listbox(frame, selectmode=tk.EXTENDED, yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
    scrollbar.config(command=file_listbox.yview)
    scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
    file_listbox.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
    
    button_frame = tk.Frame(root)
    button_frame.pack(pady=10)
    
    select_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="选择文件", command=select_files, width=15)
    select_button.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5)
    
    clear_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="清空列表", command=clear_list, width=15)
    clear_button.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5)
    
    convert_button = tk.Button(button_frame, text="批量转换", command=convert_and_save_batch, width=15)
    convert_button.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5)
    
    root.mainloop()